Mitochondrial and immune dysfunctions are often implicated in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we studied for the first time the relationship between ASD severity measures and mitochondrial respiratory rates in freshly isolated platelets as well as the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) in isolated neutrophils. We also verified the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on mitochondrial and immune functions as well as on ASD severity measures.

Previous studies of HBOT in CP have shown noteworthy favorable results, but to produce conclusive evidence, additional, more systematic trials are needed. Much is at stake. Improvement in the function, independence, and comfort of persons with a severely disabling neurologic condition could lead to significant improvements in health and quality of life as well as to significant cost savings in the long term. While other treatment modalities are paid for by government programs, parents must bear the cost of HBOT as the controversies continue. In the meantime, given the very low risk of adverse effects and the promising results, children should be allowed access to HBOT.

It has been reported that environmental factors such as hypoxia could contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therapeutics like hyperbaric oxygen treatment, which improves tissue oxygen supply and ameliorates hypoxic conditions in the brain, may be an alternative therapy for AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The present work aims to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for AD and aMCI.